Comparison

C2PA vs watermarking

C2PA records signed provenance and integrity evidence. Watermarking places a visible or invisible signal in content. They solve different parts of a review workflow.

ProvenanceIntegrityMetadataNot fake detection

C2PA

Best for signed provenance, integrity validation, manifest actions and certificate-chain interpretation.

The comparison term

Useful in specific workflows, but it should not be confused with C2PA signed evidence.

Review workflow

Use both where appropriate, while keeping the limits of each signal clear to users.